In this deck, we'll explore the fascinating world of magnetism and electromagnetism. We'll start with permanent magnets, like the ones you might find on a fridge, and understand their poles and magnetic fields. Then, we'll discover the deep connection between electricity and magnetism, learning how to create our own magnets, called electromagnets, and how to make them stronger. Finally, we'll look at the motor effect, which is the fundamental principle that makes electric motors work.

Let's begin with permanent magnets. Every magnet has two ends, called poles. One is the north pole, and the other is the south pole. These poles exert forces on each other. The rule is very simple: opposite poles attract, and like poles repel. So, a north pole will attract a south pole, but it will push away another north pole.

A magnet creates an invisible area of influence around it called a magnetic field. This is the region where other magnets or magnetic materials will experience a force. We can represent this field using lines called magnetic field lines. For a simple bar magnet, these lines emerge from the north pole, curve around the outside, and enter the south pole. The closer the lines are together, the stronger the magnetic field is in that region.