In this deck, we'll explore some practical applications of biotechnology. We'll see how microorganisms like yeast are used in industry, and how specific enzymes can make processes more efficient, from making fruit juice to washing your clothes. We'll also look at the large-scale industrial vessels called fermenters.

Let's start with yeast. You'll remember that yeast can respire without oxygen in a process called anaerobic respiration. This process is incredibly useful in industry. One key product is ethanol, which is a type of alcohol.

The ethanol produced by yeast has a major modern application: it's used as a biofuel. This is a renewable alternative to fossil fuels like petrol. Yeast is also famously used in baking.