Tutorial
In Course: Dutch A1

High-Frequency Irregular Past Participles

Learn the top fifteen irregular past participles in Dutch and master whether they pair with hebben or zijn in spoken sentences.

A vibrant, wide-angle photograph of a bustling canal street in a Dutch city during daytime. People are cycling along the canal, others are reading books at outdoor cafes, and some are walking and conversing, showcasing typical Dutch architecture and lively everyday activities.
en-GB → nl-NL

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Deck Contents

31 Cards
Lesson#1
Many common Dutch verbs do not follow regular rules in the past tense. Instead of ending in a T or a D, their past participles often change vowels or end in E N. In this deck, you will learn fifteen of the most essential irregular participles and whether they pair with 'hebben' or 'zijn'.
Lesson#2
The verb 'zijn' uses the irregular participle 'geweest', meaning been. Like in English, it always uses the auxiliary 'zijn'. For example, 'Waar ben je geweest?' means 'Where have you been?'.
Quiz#3
Speaking to a friend, translate into Dutch: 'Where have you been?'

Waar ben je geweest?

Lesson#4
The verb 'blijven', meaning to stay, forms the irregular participle 'gebleven'. Dutch treats remaining in a place as a state verb that pairs with 'zijn'. For example, 'Ik ben thuis gebleven' means 'I have stayed at home'.
Quiz#5
Translate into Dutch: 'I have stayed at home.'

Ik ben thuis gebleven

Lesson#6
The verb 'gaan', meaning to go, describes movement towards a destination and takes the auxiliary 'zijn'. Its irregular participle is 'gegaan'. For example, 'Hij is naar huis gegaan' means 'He has gone home'.

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