This deck covers the first period of American westward expansion, from about 1835 to 1862. We'll explore the traditional lives of the Plains Indians, understand why so many people decided to migrate west, and examine the first major conflicts that arose between settlers and the US government.

Before the arrival of white settlers, the Great Plains were home to numerous Indigenous nations. Their way of life was nomadic and deeply connected to nature, especially the buffalo. The buffalo provided everything: food, shelter from its hides, and tools from its bones. This total reliance on the buffalo is a key point for your exam, as its later destruction would shatter their way of life.

Plains Indian society was organised into tribes, which were made up of smaller bands. While chiefs and councils of elders made important decisions, the warrior societies were also crucial. These were brotherhoods of the most skilled warriors, responsible for hunting and protecting the band. Status was earned through bravery, not wealth.

Beliefs about land were a major source of misunderstanding and conflict. For the Plains Indians, land was sacred and could not be owned by individuals. It was there for everyone to use. This contrasted sharply with the white American idea of buying, selling, and fencing off land for private use. This fundamental difference in belief is a crucial cause of conflict you can use in exam answers.