In the last deck, we looked at the highly reactive Group 1 alkali metals. Now, we'll turn our attention to a different block of metals in the middle of the periodic table: the transition metals. You'll learn about their typical properties, such as high density and strength, and discover some special characteristics that make them so useful, like their ability to form coloured compounds and act as catalysts. We'll also compare them directly with the Group 1 metals you've already studied.

Let's start by comparing the physical properties of transition metals with Group 1 metals. Think about a typical transition metal, like iron or copper. They are strong, hard, and dense. Now think about a Group 1 metal like sodium, which is so soft you can cut it with a knife. Transition metals have much higher melting points and boiling points than Group 1 metals. For example, iron melts at over 1500 degrees Celsius, while sodium melts at just under 100 degrees Celsius.

Now let's consider chemical reactivity. You'll remember that Group 1 metals react vigorously, especially with water, oxygen, and halogens. Transition metals are a different story. They are much less reactive. For instance, iron rusts slowly in the presence of oxygen and water, whereas sodium reacts almost explosively. This lower reactivity is one reason why transition metals are so useful for construction and making everyday objects.