In this deck, we'll explore the hormones that control human reproduction. We will start by learning about the four key hormones of the menstrual cycle and how they interact to prepare the body for pregnancy each month. Then, we'll look at how contraception uses hormones to prevent pregnancy. Finally, we'll examine how hormones are used in fertility treatments like IVF to help people have children.

The menstrual cycle is a complex process controlled by four main hormones. Two of these, FSH and LH, are produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. The other two, oestrogen and progesterone, are produced in the ovaries. These four hormones work together in a coordinated sequence, with the levels of each one rising and falling to control the different stages of the cycle.

The menstrual cycle begins on day one with menstruation, which is the breakdown of the uterus lining. This is often called having a period. At the same time, the pituitary gland starts to release Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, or FSH. As its name suggests, FSH travels in the blood to the ovaries and causes an egg to start maturing inside a structure called a follicle. FSH also stimulates the ovaries to start producing oestrogen.