This deck is a case study on development in the cold environment of Svalbard. Remember, this is an optional topic for Paper 1, so check with your teacher if you need to study it. We'll explore the opportunities for economic development, the significant challenges posed by the extreme climate, and how authorities are trying to manage this fragile environment sustainably. For your exam, Svalbard is a perfect named example to use for questions about cold environments.

Despite its remote and harsh environment, Svalbard offers several opportunities for economic development. The most important are mineral extraction, energy development, fishing, and tourism. We'll look at each of these in turn.