In this deck, we'll explore the four geometric transformations: translation, reflection, rotation, and enlargement. These are ways to change a shape's position, orientation, or size on a coordinate grid. By the end, you'll understand the rules for each one.

First, let's learn a key term. When a shape is transformed, some of its properties might change, like its position. But some things might stay the same. Anything that does not change during a transformation is described as 'invariant'.

Let's start with the simplest transformation: translation. A translation simply slides a shape from one place to another. The shape doesn't turn, flip, or change size. Its orientation and size are invariant.

Translations are described using a column vector. This looks like two numbers stacked on top of each other inside brackets. The top number tells you how far to move horizontally, and the bottom number tells you how far to move vertically.