In this deck, we'll explore magnetism and the motor effect. You will learn about the behaviour of permanent magnets, how to describe magnetic fields, and the powerful link between electricity and magnetism. We will cover the motor effect, Fleming's left-hand rule, and see how these principles are applied in everyday devices like electric motors and loudspeakers.

Let's start with permanent magnets. These are objects that produce their own persistent magnetic field. Every magnet has two ends, called poles. One is the north pole, and the other is the south pole. A key rule of magnetism is that opposite poles attract each other, while like poles repel each other. So, a north pole will attract a south pole, but it will push away another north pole.

A magnet creates a magnetic field around it. This is a region where other magnets or magnetic materials will experience a force. We can't see this field, but we can represent it using magnetic field lines. These lines show the direction and strength of the field. By convention, the lines always point from the north pole to the south pole. The closer the lines are together, the stronger the magnetic field is in that region.